In the past years’ Henry Fayol had clearly laid down various roles of the manager but this has gradually shifted from what was described by the theorist. Managers in organizations currently face a number of challenges arising out of the many complexities and the ever-changing environment that is to say the internal and external environments. As a result, managers have different roles and duties based on the organizational levels and functions. It is well known that all organizations start with the intention of attaining certain goals and objectives and these can be reached with a certain level of coordinated and organized efforts from the individuals in the organization. 
It is worth noting that an organization is not a discrete entity, but rather it is comprised of a network of people who work together to achieve its goals and objectives. An organization depends on the skills, knowledge, creativity, and motivation of both its employers and employees, who share a common purpose and values. An organization is more than a sum of its parts, it is a dynamic and complex system of human interactions.
An organization’s manager is faced with the role of ensuring that the organization attains its goals and objectives notwithstanding the ever-changing customer needs, unfair government policies, and investment decisions among so many others. According to Hannagan T, 2008, this makes the manager’s role so multiplex because their actions largely impact the success of the company and they have to learn and develop a skill of managing change. An organization’s activities are influenced by various factors that originate from changes in both the internal and external environments. For example, changes in the government and economic policies can affect the legal and financial aspects of an organization. Cultural matters can influence the values and norms of an organization and its stakeholders. Technology innovations can create new opportunities or challenges for an organization in terms of products, services, processes, or communication. Changes in consumer demand can impact the market share and profitability of an organization. Competitors and labor unions can exert pressure on an organization to improve its performance, quality, and efficiency or working conditions. Therefore for a manager to effectively manage the organization, he or she must be really creative and innovative so as to stay ahead of the competition. A manager ought to design policies, structures, and work processes that are flexible, efficient, and adaptable to changing market conditions.

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