1.0 INTRODUCTION
Strategic management is the process of defining and executing the goals and objectives of an organization, taking into account its internal and external environment. Strategic management involves analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the organization, as well as its mission, vision, and values.
Strategic management as a field of managerial practice and scholarly attention has been studied and has garnered plenty of attention in the past few years as per Knights and Morgan (1991). This management system is known to link both strategic planning and decision-making in the current business world whilst operating the organization. It is commonly established or developed by high levels of management that aid the business in assembling, analyzing, and putting in order constructive information to keep up with the industry and competitive trends.
Strategic management also entails formulating and implementing strategies that align with the organization's purpose and competitive advantage.
Strategic management is important for several reasons
It helps the organization achieve its desired outcomes and fulfill its potential.
It enables the organization to adapt to changing market conditions and customer needs.
It fosters innovation and creativity by encouraging experimentation and learning.
It enhances the organization's performance and efficiency by optimizing the use of resources and capabilities.
It promotes stakeholder satisfaction and loyalty by creating value and delivering benefits.
Strategic management can be divided into three main stages: strategic analysis, strategic formulation and strategic implementation. Strategic analysis involves gathering and evaluating relevant information about the organization and its environment. Strategic formulation involves developing and selecting the best strategies that fit the organization's situation and goals. Strategic implementation involves putting the strategies into action and monitoring their results.
Strategic management is not a one-time event, but a continuous and dynamic process that requires constant evaluation and adjustment.
Strategic management requires the involvement and commitment of all levels of the organization, from top management to frontline employees. Strategic management also requires collaboration and communication among different functional areas and departments, as well as external stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, competitors, and regulators.
Strategic management is a challenging but rewarding endeavor that can help organizations achieve sustainable growth and success in a competitive and uncertain world.