the use of the Just in Time approach in the automotive industry and how it has improved the industry’s performance Case Study
Key Learning Outcomes
By the end of the case, students should be able to:
- Understand Just In Time manufacturing, what it is, and how it has improved the performance of the automotive industry
- Understand the advantages and disadvantages of using Just In Time Manufacturing in the automobile industry
- Discuss how Just In Time manufacturing is designed to improve quality performance
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Just-in-time manufacturing is a system where the production of goods is based on demand. Compared to the traditional manufacturing idea where manufacturers aim at producing as much supply as possible in expectation of demand, JIT relies on lean inventory, which reduces costs and increases agility. It reduces all work-in-progress and produces goods that are in demand which in turn reduces the inventory as much as possible. According to Drury (1990), JIT is designed to increase the ability of workers to operate and manage more than one machine. Workers can also help each other if any challenges occur in the production line. JIT helps manufacturers minimize inventory, shorten lead times, and also address other inadequacies by aligning supplies with production schedules. It minimizes waste and extra costs associated with manufacturing surplus goods. This is because it produces exactly what, when, and how much was ordered either by the next workstation sequence or the customer. It is dependent on accurate demand forecasting.
JIT was founded on the idea that materials for production arrive at the scheduled time for production and manufactured products are finished just in time to be delivered to the customer. Despite all its advantages, JIT has limitations. In an environment characterized by supply chain challenges, JIT is not suitable for just-in-time manufacturing. Due to semiconductor shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, most automobile companies including Toyota shifted from JIT manufacturing to traditional manufacturing. Alongside Toyota, Ford also stockpiled key parts and materials, to avoid shortages, something out of the ordinary for manufacturers that have relied on JIT (Keckarovska 2022).
Nevertheless, it is unlikely that auto manufacturers would entirely replace just-in-time manufacturing. This is mainly because holding lower SKUs (stock keeping unit) has numerous advantages. It eliminates waste, and reduces costs, making savings and efficiencies a great advantage (Keckarovska 2022).