Apple Business Strategy Case Study
Key Learning Outcomes
By the end of the case, students should be able to:
- Understand the broad macro-environment of Apple and the smartphone industry in terms of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors (PESTEL/PEST/STEEPLE).
- Understand the major strengths and weaknesses of Apple using the SWOT framework.
- Analyse the various strategic business units in Apple's portfolio and assess which ones are the stars and cash cows generating the most value, or the question marks, and dogs that may need further investment or divesting to achieve a balance of the portfolio.
- Analyse the global smartphone industry and how the five forces have affected Apple and rival firms and the impact on industry structure, attractiveness, and profitability.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In August 2018, Apple became the first company to reach a market capitalization of US$1trillion, beating old rivals such as Google and Microsoft. The Cupertino based tech giant is known for manufacturing a wide range of iconic consumer electronics such as the iPhone, iPad, and computer software like Mac OS, iOS and online services like Apple Music. Founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ron Wayne (Dormehl 2018), Apple now operates 492 stores across 19 countries worldwide (Dunn 2017).
In 2017, Apple made annual revenue totaling $229.23billion up from $215.64billion in 2016 (Richter 2018) with a profit of $48.35billion up from $45.69billion in 2016 (Annual Report and Form 10K 2017). Apple’s three major markets include USA, UK and China with a market share of 45%, 37% and 17.4% market share respectively ahead of major competitor, Samsung with market share of 29.5% in USA, 35% in UK and 2.2% in China.
Using PESTLE, SWOT, Apples BCG Matrix and Porters Five Forces framework, the following sections examine Apples internal, external and competitive environment to try and understand the global smartphone industry and the future of Apple's iPhone.